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En Zhao, Jingyuan Su, Hehe Fan, Bing Nan, Lina Li, Haifeng Qi, Weiwei Fang, Wenjun Zhang, Zupeng Chen. Defect Engineering of TiO2 for Efficient Photocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation with Palladium as Cocatalyst and Water as a Hydrogen Source. Green Energy&Environment. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2025.09.008
Citation: En Zhao, Jingyuan Su, Hehe Fan, Bing Nan, Lina Li, Haifeng Qi, Weiwei Fang, Wenjun Zhang, Zupeng Chen. Defect Engineering of TiO2 for Efficient Photocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation with Palladium as Cocatalyst and Water as a Hydrogen Source. Green Energy&Environment. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2025.09.008
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Defect Engineering of TiO2 for Efficient Photocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation with Palladium as Cocatalyst and Water as a Hydrogen Source

doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2025.09.008

  • 1. National Key Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;

  • 2. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China;

  • 3. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Zhangheng Road 293, Shanghai 201204, China;

  • 4. Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Translational Research Hub, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK

Funds:

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD2200505), National Natural Science Foundation of China (22202105), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (21KJA150003), and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Program of Jiangsu Province (JSSCTD202345).

  • Received date 10 June 2025, Accepted date 10 September 2025, RevRecd date 27 July 2025, Available online 19 September 2025
    Abstract
  • Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds. Herein, we report an oxygen-defective TiO2-supported palladium catalyst (Pd-TiO2-Ov) for efficient photocatalytic water-donating transfer hydrogenation of anethole towards 4-n-propylanisole in a high yield of 99.9%, which is significantly higher compared to the pristine TiO2-supported palladium catalyst (Pd-TiO2, 74%). The enhanced performance is ascribed to the presence of oxygen vacancies, which facilitate light absorption and suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, the Pd-TiO2-Ov is versatile in hydrogenating various alkene substrates including those with hydroxyl, ether, fluoride, and chloride functional groups in full conversion, thus offering a green method for transfer hydrogenation of alkenes. This study provides new insights and advances in current hydrogenation technology with water as the proton source.

     

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