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Guangjie Liang, Kaifang Liu, Cong Gao, Qi Sheng, Gan Qiao, Jia Liu, Guipeng Hu, Jens Nielsen, Liming Liu. Metabolic engineering strategies to improve microbial acetate utilization for chemical production. Green Energy&Environment. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2026.04.006
Citation: Guangjie Liang, Kaifang Liu, Cong Gao, Qi Sheng, Gan Qiao, Jia Liu, Guipeng Hu, Jens Nielsen, Liming Liu. Metabolic engineering strategies to improve microbial acetate utilization for chemical production. Green Energy&Environment. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2026.04.006
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Metabolic engineering strategies to improve microbial acetate utilization for chemical production

doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2026.04.006

  • 1. School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;

  • 2. School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;

  • 3. Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden

Funds:

This work is supported by the Regional Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U25A20618), the National Key R &

D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2025BEE02002), the Science and Technology Major Project of Jiangsu Province (BG2025045), the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (Grade C) of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (GZC20251635), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M782519), and the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (2025ZB841).

  • Received date 19 January 2026, Accepted date 28 April 2026, RevRecd date 07 April 2026, Available online 07 May 2026
    Abstract
  • Microbial cell factories have been established as an important platform for green biomanufacturing. However, current systems remain highly dependent on food-based carbon sources such as glucose, creating an industrial dilemma of “competing with humans for food and with agriculture for land,” thereby impeding large-scale industrial deployment. Acetate is considered a promising alternative carbon source that can circumvent these constraints and is broadly available from sources such as industrial off-gas conversion. In this review, the application potential of acetate as a carbon source is systematically summarized from four dimensions: acetate-assimilating microorganisms, metabolic engineering strategies for improving acetate utilization, metabolic engineering strategies for enhancing acetate tolerance, and metabolic engineering strategies for producing chemicals from acetate. In addition, the key challenges and future directions of acetate-based biomanufacturing are analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for industrial implementation.

     

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