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Long Sui, Zheng-Tao Dong, Yuan Tian, Lei Ma, Cheng-Gang Niu, Ming Yan, Jia-Jia Wang. Engineering Oxygen Vacancy-Rich CoFe2O4@C Core-Shell Microreactors via Defect-Morphology Dual Synergy for Ultrafast Peroxymonosulfate Activation. Green Energy&Environment. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2025.11.006
Citation: Long Sui, Zheng-Tao Dong, Yuan Tian, Lei Ma, Cheng-Gang Niu, Ming Yan, Jia-Jia Wang. Engineering Oxygen Vacancy-Rich CoFe2O4@C Core-Shell Microreactors via Defect-Morphology Dual Synergy for Ultrafast Peroxymonosulfate Activation. Green Energy&Environment. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2025.11.006
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Engineering Oxygen Vacancy-Rich CoFe2O4@C Core-Shell Microreactors via Defect-Morphology Dual Synergy for Ultrafast Peroxymonosulfate Activation

doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2025.11.006

  • College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

Funds:

D Program of China (2023YFF0724403), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20606, 52500200).

This work was financially supported by the National Key R&

  • Received date 27 June 2025, Accepted date 28 November 2025, RevRecd date 20 October 2025, Available online 05 December 2025
    Abstract
  • This study innovatively employs a "dual-engineering synergy" strategy combining defect engineering and morphological engineering to construct oxygen vacancy (OV)-enriched CoFe2O4@C core-shell microreactors (OV-CFO@C) for efficient peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The optimized OV-CFO@C-500 catalyst exhibits exceptional Fenton-like performance, degrading 97.65% of CIP in 12 min (kobs = 0.2984 min-1, 29.25 times that of PMS alone). Structural characterizations confirm successful OV introduction and core-shell architecture, where carbon cores prevent CoFe2O4 agglomeration while enabling reactant enrichment. Theoretical calculations reveal that core-shell structure and Ov modulate d-band center positions and electron delocalization, synergistically enhancing PMS adsorption energy and electron transfer efficiency. Mechanistic studies identify cooperative radical pathways (•OH/SO4•− contribution: 54.1%) and non-radical electron transfer processes. Notably, the catalyst demonstrates strong recyclability (88.91% CIP removal after 5 cycles), broad pH tolerance (pH 3–9), low metal ion leaching (< 0.06 mg/L), and practical applicability in real water matrices. In continuous-flow degradation systems, 12 h operation achieved sustained removal rates of 96.8% for CIP and 55.2% for total organic carbon (TOC). This study provides new insights into defect-microstructure engineering for advanced oxidation process optimization.

     

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