Volume 7 Issue 6
Dec.  2022
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Article Navigation >  Green Energy&Environment  > 2022  >  7(6): 1241-1252
Zhe Hong, Guoqing Zhao, Fangtao Huang, Xiaoxia Wang, Zhirong Zhu. Enhancing the side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene over the Cs-modified X zeolite by the assistance of basic picoline as a co-catalyst. Green Energy&Environment, 2022, 7(6): 1241-1252. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2021.01.020
Citation: Zhe Hong, Guoqing Zhao, Fangtao Huang, Xiaoxia Wang, Zhirong Zhu. Enhancing the side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene over the Cs-modified X zeolite by the assistance of basic picoline as a co-catalyst. Green Energy&Environment, 2022, 7(6): 1241-1252. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2021.01.020
shu

Enhancing the side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene over the Cs-modified X zeolite by the assistance of basic picoline as a co-catalyst

doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2021.01.020

  • School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

Funds:

The work described above was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (# 91534115).

  • Received date 22 October 2020, Accepted date 25 January 2021, RevRecd date 22 January 2021, Publish date 31 December 2022,
    Abstract
  • Side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol is a green pathway to realize the one-step production of styrene under mild conditions, but the low selectivity of styrene is difficult to be improved with by-products of ethylbenzene and xylene. In this study, a new way is introduced to improve the catalytic performance by means of assisting basic compounds as co-catalysts during the toluene side-chain alkylation with methanol to styrene. As a result, high activity of side-chain alkylation appears over the basic Cs-modified zeolite catalysts prepared by ion exchange and impregnation methods. This high performance should be mainly attributed to two co-catalysis actions: (1) the promotion of basic compounds for methanol dehydrogenation to formaldehyde as the intermediate for side-chain alkylation; (2) the suppression of the styrene transfer hydrogenation on basic Cs-modified zeolites to avoid the formation of ethylbenzene. Especially for Cs2O/CsX-ex catalyst, the addition of 2% mol/mol 2-picoline in reaction mixture could achieve both 12.3% toluene conversion and 84.1% styrene selectivity. Whereas the higher concentration of 2-picoline (>6% mol/mol) caused an inhibition to the catalytic activity because the excessive basic compound poisoned the combined acid-base pathway required for the side-chain alkylation process. In addition, two possible side-chain alkylation reaction routes on Cs-modified zeolite under the different 2-picoline absorption were described.

     

    • • The addition of suitable amount of basic picoline facilitated the activity. • The Cs-modified X exhibited strong base sites and weak acid sites. • The reaction routes under different 2-picoline concentration are proposed.
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