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Xiao Feng, Lidong Xia, Xianglong Zhang, Wenlong Jia, Huai Liu, Dan Li, Zhicheng Jiang, Rui Zhang, Lincai Peng. Oxygen vacancy-rich MoOx enables selective C-C bond cleavage for boosted glyceric acid production from xylose. Green Energy&Environment. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2026.03.021
Citation: Xiao Feng, Lidong Xia, Xianglong Zhang, Wenlong Jia, Huai Liu, Dan Li, Zhicheng Jiang, Rui Zhang, Lincai Peng. Oxygen vacancy-rich MoOx enables selective C-C bond cleavage for boosted glyceric acid production from xylose. Green Energy&Environment. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2026.03.021
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Oxygen vacancy-rich MoOx enables selective C-C bond cleavage for boosted glyceric acid production from xylose

doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2026.03.021

  • a. BiomassChem Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China;

  • b. Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;

  • c. College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China

Funds:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22408138), the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (202401AU070129) and the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202301BE070001-061, 202501AS070119 and 202301AV070005). The authors also acknowledge the support from "Xing Dian Ying Cai" programme of Yunnan province.

  • Received date 02 December 2025, Accepted date 25 March 2026, RevRecd date 08 February 2026, Available online 01 April 2026
    Abstract
  • The oxidation of inexpensive sugars into high value glyceric acid holds considerable appeal, yet faces a fundamental challenge in achieving precise cleavage of the target C–C bond, resulting in inefficient catalysis. Herein, a MoOx-N2 catalyst rich in oxygen vacancies (Ov) was successfully constructed via a self-assembly and two-stage annealing process. The developed catalyst efficiently converted xylose into glyceric acid under alkali-free conditions, achieving an excellent yield of 54.3% (0.905 mol/mol). Catalyst characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that Ov promote charge transfer between MoOx-N2 and H2O/O2, accelerating the generation of active ·OH and 1O2 species, thereby enhancing the xylose oxidation efficiency. Furthermore, Ov induced an upshift in the d-band center of electron-rich Mo, favoring the adsorption and activation of xylose and glyceraldehyde intermediate, significantly lowing the energy barriers for cascade ring-opening, C–C bond cleavage and oxidation reactions. DFT calculations further revealed that Ov benefited the removal of proton in C3–OH of xylose, subsequently facilitating selective C2–C3 bond cleavage and ultimately achieving high yield of glyceric acid. This work highlights the pivotal role of Ov in enhancing the catalytic efficiency of xylose oxidative conversion, providing an efficient strategy for glyceric acid production.

     

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